解剖学和形态学
麻醉学
听力与言语-语言病理学
行为科学
心脏和心血管系统
细胞和组织工程学
临床神经病学
危重症监护医学
牙科,口腔外科和医学
皮肤病学
急诊医学
内分泌学和新陈代谢
肠胃学和肝脏学
老人病学和老年医学
卫生保健科学和服务
血液学
免疫学
传染病
综合和补充性医学
医学伦理学
医学信息学
医学实验室技术
医学,全科和内科
医学,法律
医学,研究和试验
神经系统科学
护理
营养学和饮食学
产科医学和妇科医学
肿瘤学
眼科学
整形外科学
耳鼻喉科学
病理学
儿科学
周围血管疾病
药理学和药剂学
生理学
基本医疗保健
精神病学
公共、环境和职业卫生
放射学,核医学和医学成像
康复学
生殖生物学
呼吸系统
风湿病学
运动科学
外科学
毒理学
热带医学
泌尿学和肾脏学
病毒学
老年医学
健康政策和服务
心理学,临床
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To examine the potential effects of bicycle safety helmet cost subsidy on bicycle head injury rates and costs. DESIGN:Using empiric data on the incidence and costs of bicycle injuries to children, we examined the hypothetical effects of various bicycle helmet subsidies in a cost-effectiveness analysis. A hyp...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::To define predictive or contributory risk factors for pancreatitis in human immunodeficiency virus-infected children receiving dideoxyinosine (ddI), the authors evaluated 95 children, 3 months to 18 years of age, who had received ddI at 60 to 540 mg/m2 per day for a mean of 56 weeks. Pancreatitis developed in 7 patien...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several nutritional surveys have shown that African-American children have lower mean hematocrit and hemoglobin values than white children. While the high prevalence of both alpha and beta thalassemias in African-American children can partly account for the lower hematologic values, the remaining differences cannot be...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a prospective study of the growth and neuropsychologic function of hemophilic subjects, 333 boys, median age of 12.3 years, had baseline neurologic examinations. The study population included 207 individuals (62%) who were seropositive for human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). Overall results indicated that ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sedating children safely and effectively for minor laceration repair is a well-recognized clinical problem. A randomized, double-blind, and controlled study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of intranasal midazolam for reducing stress during the suturing of lacerations in preschool children. Fifty-nine children w...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine whether mothers with complicated pregnancies are at increased risk of postpartum depression and whether their children are at increased risk of being perceived as vulnerable, the investigators conducted an interview survey of mothers of 1095 children aged 4 to 8 in a community-based sample of primary care...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pathogenesis of the periventricular intraparenchymal echodense lesion (IPE) observed in association with germinal matrix-intraventricular hemorrhage (GM-IVH) in premature neonates is unclear. The objectives of this study were to determine (1) the temporal characteristics of GM-IVH and IPE, (2) the basic characteri...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pediatricians are familiar with conductive hearing loss, but to many it is synonymous with otitis media of some type. There is a group of children who have anatomic abnormalities of the external or middle ear causing their hearing losses. The records of 565 hearing-impaired children were reviewed, and 54 with non-otit...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::To examine the relationships between hours of television viewing and adiposity and physical activity among female adolescents, a cohort study with follow-up assessments 7, 14, and 24 months after baseline was conducted. All sixth- and seventh-grade girls (N = 971) attending four northern California middle schools were...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The unsaturated fatty acids that make up a large component of the lipid emulsion Intralipid are highly susceptible to peroxidation, and the products of this reaction could explain the toxicity that has been associated with the administration of some emulsions. Lipid peroxidation produces hydroperoxides, which can alte...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To determine the rate of childhood under-vaccination, rate and types of missed opportunities (MOs) for vaccinations, and the contribution of MOs to the undervaccination of preschool-age children, the authors conducted a retrospective medical chart review in seven primary care settings in the Rochester, NY, area: a hos...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous epidemiological studies of juvenile chronic arthritis (JCA) report divergent results owing to differences in diagnostic criteria, patient retrieval, and study designs. To investigate incidence and prevalence of JCA in a total population, this prospective survey was performed in southwestern Sweden between 198...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A prospective study was performed to determine whether excess morbidity occurred in critically ill and injured pediatric patients during interhospital transport compared with morbidity in a control group. Control observations were made during the first 2 hours of pediatric intensive care unit (PICU) care of patients e...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Injury is the third leading cause of death in the United States and the leading cause for children, adolescents, and young adults. Injury results from multiple factors and so may its prevention. The first and simplest approach toward preventing injuries has been to innovatively and aggressively apply a traditional pub...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thirty-two (18%) of 181 children cared for at our institution who were infected with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) were first seen, and HIV was diagnosed, when they were 4 years of age and older. Initial complaints or diagnoses for these children included the following: hematologic disorders (5) (3 i...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mortality and incidence, complexity, and severity of early childhood neurodevelopmental disability are reported for two cohorts of preterm infants of 500 through 1250 g birth weight. Comparing 1978-1979 (cohort 1) and 1988-1989 (cohort 2), 1-year survival improved from 82 (36%) of 226 to 197 (67%) of 291. Cohort 1 sur...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Severity-of-illness scales have proven valuable in assessing clinical outcomes and resource consumption in adult and pediatric intensive care, but they have been less extensively developed for neonatal care. The National Therapeutic Intervention Scoring System (NTISS) was created by modifying the Therapeutic Intervent...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::One thousand eight hundred eighty-seven children born to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) seropositive mothers, including 1045 infants prospectively followed up from birth, were studied. Intravenous drug use was the most frequent maternal risk factor, although the percentage of women infected by sexual cont...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Data from 442 children, aged 2 to 5, who were participants in the 1987-1988 Nationwide Food Consumption Survey, were examined to determine the effect of maternal employment on the quality of their diets. Diet quality was assessed by examining nutrient adequacy and nutrient overconsumption using the 3-day average of on...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The head circumference (HC) curves were plotted for a group of 415 healthy full-term babies over the first 2 years of life. Two hundred ten (51%) of the cohort demonstrated HC variability, defined as an HC acceleration or deceleration of at least 1 centile curve for at least 2 months. Of these, the deceleration patter...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is considerable literature dealing with the responsibilities of clinical department chairmen, which primarily emphasizes the importance of developing a sound and facilitating administration. This is dependent on the hiring of appropriate support personnel, developing a representative committee structure, being a...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Extracorporeal piezoelectric lithotripsy is an effective method for treating renal pelvic stones in children. Treatment with the Wolf lithotriptor is essentially painless and can be performed without anesthesia on an outpatient basis. Real-time ultrasound is used to localize stones. In a 1-year period at the Universit...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Children who are alleged to have been sexually abused often go through gruelling interrogations to relate their experiences to adults and, even then, most are not viewed as reliable sources of information. The Victim Sensitive Interviewing Program (VSIP) was initiated to decrease the number of interviews endured by a ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The antibiotics trimethoprim (TMP) and sulfamethoxazole (SMZ), when used in combination, can cause metabolic acidosis, renal bicarbonate wasting, and growth failure. Retrospective review of repeated random serum chemistries from 10 children receiving TMP-SMZ and maintenance chemotherapy for acute lymphoid leukemia rev...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A term female firstborn infant had unexplained nonimmune fetal hydrops and recurrent left chylothorax at 4 weeks of age. A few months before conception, her mother had had acute dystrophic nail changes and is being treated for recurrent sinusitis, bronchiectasis, and a deficiency of serum IgG2. We suggest that they bo...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is often difficult to measure cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) pressure in children. CSF flow through a spinal needle is described by the equation: Flow = pressure/(needle constant x relative viscosity). Thus, CSF flow rate during lumbar puncture can be used to estimate CSF pressure. Because the viscosity of CSF is approx...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this cross-sectional study, the vision-screening process is described for 8417 children aged 3 to 5 seen for health supervision in a group of 102 pediatric practices in 23 states and Puerto Rico. Three hundred forty children who failed screening (63% of those who failed) were followed up 2 months after initial scre...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Standard recommendations for evaluating and treating jaundice in term babies include following all babies closely for jaundice, obtaining several laboratory tests in those with early jaundice or bilirubin levels more than 12 to 13 mg/dL (205 to 222 mumol/L), using phototherapy to try to keep bilirubin levels below 20 ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The Metropolitan Atlanta Developmental Disabilities Study is the first US, population-based epidemiologic study of the prevalence of mental retardation, cerebral palsy, hearing impairment, and visual impairment among school-age children. The study population consisted of children who were 10 years of age between 1985 ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two matched groups of children with a family history of atopy/allergy were observed from birth. In one group (n = 65) the mothers had a diet free from eggs, cow's milk, and fish during the first 3 months of lactation, whereas the mothers in the other group (n = 50) had a normal diet. Atopic/allergic manifestations, sk...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::An explicit goal of child health supervision visits is to gather information and provide guidance about the psychosocial problems of children and families. The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which parents had opportunities to express psychosocial concerns and the nature of physicians' responses t...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The prevalence of chronic physical illnesses and their association with mental disorders was assessed using data collected by primary care pediatricians. A chronic illness was diagnosed in 1573 (15.6%) of 10,058 children aged 4 to 16 years, 945 (9.4%) of whom had a "serious" disorder, 535 (5.3%) had a minor disorder (...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The fragile X syndrome, a common X-linked form of mental retardation and autism, affects females as well as males. Previous work has shown that approximately 35% of heterozygotes (women who carry the fragile X gene) demonstrate cognitive impairment. Thirty-two girls, 18 years or younger, who demonstrate the fragile X ...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The collaborative national survey on morbidity and mortality in preterm and small for gestational age infants in the Netherlands enrolled initially 1338 infants born in 1983. The relationship between maximal serum total bilirubin concentration in the neonatal period and neurodevelopmental outcome in the survivors of t...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aerosolized racemic epinephrine, but not L-epinephrine, is commonly used in treating croup. The efficacy and adverse effects of nebulized racemic and L-epinephrine in the treatment of laryngotracheitis were compared. Children 6 months to 6 years of age with a croup score of 6 or above were assigned in a randomized dou...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::As newer treatment modalities become available for patients with severe lupus nephritis, it becomes increasingly important to identify patients at risk for renal failure. In this study, the records of 90 children presenting with systemic lupus erythematosus over a 13-year period were reviewed. Nineteen were lost to fo...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of dobutamine were studied in 13 critically ill neonates requiring inotropic support. Dobutamine was administered as a constant infusion in increasing doses of 2.5, 5, and 7.5 micrograms/kg per minute. During dobutamine infusions, there were significant increases in cardiac ou...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In a previously described population of 314 autistic and 237 dysphasic nonautistic children, after exclusion of 12 autistic girls with Rett syndrome, 14% (42 of 302) of autistic children and 8% (19 of 237) of dysphasic children had epilepsy (P = .03). The major risk factors for epilepsy were severe mental deficiency a...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Age and height at diagnosis was studied in 100 patients with Turner syndrome: 41 with the 45,X karyotype and 59 with various other karyotypes. In 15 patients diagnosis was made at birth. In the remaining patients median age at diagnosis was 12.9 years in those with 45,X karyotype and 11.6 years in the others. Mean +/-...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Osteogenesis imperfecta may be difficult to differentiate from nonaccidental trauma. Social history may prejudice the physician in favor of or against considering the diagnosis of child abuse. Three cases of osteogenesis imperfecta that were initially diagnosed as nonaccidental trauma are presented. The availability o...
journal_title:Pediatrics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00